Category: Health
A Definition poptosis, or programmed cell death, is an energy-dependent process that effects the controlled removal of a cell. The process is present during normal myocyte development and is …
Under basal conditions, the endothelium continuously releases endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) in response either to neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine or bradykinin, or to physical stimulation such as an increase …
The most common stimulus for myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling is hemodynamic overload. Abnormal mechanical stresses on cardiac myocytes may be a direct stimulus for myocardial remodeling. A positive long-term …
The last two decades have witnessed a progressive and remarkable increase in the morbidity and mortality of heart failure, in association with a reduction in age-adjusted mortality due to …
Heart failure is the pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of metabolizing tissue and/or can only do …
General physical examination he overall physical examination may be normal, especially in well-nourished patients with heart failure of recent onset. Severe heart failure, on the other hand, is associated …
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease characterized by dilatation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle or both ventricles. It may be idiopathic, familial/genetic, viral, and/or immune, alcoholic/toxic, …
Heart failure is typically an acute on chronic condition. Treatment of the exacerbations should aim both to stabilize clinical and hemodynamic status, and to identify the precipitating factors and …
Heart failure during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction a coronary care unit registry study, Gheorghi-ade et al observed a decrease in the incidence of heart failure from 30.7% between …
Atrial fibrillation is common in heart failure patients (15% to 30%). It carries a variety of adverse hemodynamic consequences impacting prognosis and accelerating the progression of left ventricular systolic …