Category: Health
Coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes are by far the main causes of heart failure in the developed world; rheumatic heart disease, infection and malnutrition are the most common …
There is a strong association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF): not only do 50% of patients with AF develop HF, but the prevalence of AF increases …
As heart failure worsens, one of the mechanisms responsible for reducing exercise tolerance is peripheral dysfunction. At a certain point in the disease course, reduced cardiac reserve, and hence …
Yncope is a sudden and brief loss of consciousness associated with loss of postural tone, from which recovery is spontaneous,’ while presyncope is syncope without the loss of consciousness. …
Having diagnosed left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction with angio-graphically normal coronary arteries and excluded secondary causes of dilated cardiomyopathy (hypertension, alcohol, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, pericardial or systemic disease), …
For the patient with heart failure, fatigue and dyspnea are the exercise-limiting factors. The pathophysiologist tends to subsume these factors in the peak oxygen consumption (VO, max), obtained by …
A complex respiratory syndrome develops in heart failure, especially in the later stages (Table I). The main symptom is dyspnea, and the main sign is hyperventilation on exertion, followed …
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by cardiac abnormalities and a typical pattern of hemodynamic, renal, and neurohormonal response. Many variants of the syndrome have …
Diastolic heart failure is usually diagnosed by the combination of clinical heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function, ie, a left ventricular ejection fraction exceeding 40% to 45%. …
A complaint of dyspnea may indicate hyperventilation and altered respiratory rhythm. It was long suspected, and has recently been confirmed, that during sleep over half of heart failure patients …